Phase I Environmental Site Assessment (ESA) FAQ

A Phase I ESA is a detailed review of a property’s history and current conditions to identify potential environmental risks such as spills, leaks, or past uses that may have caused contamination. It follows the most up-to-date version of the ASTM E1527 standard and is recognized by the U.S. EPA as the first step in environmental due diligence.

Who needs a Phase I ESA?

A Phase I ESA is commonly required for:

• Buyers – to protect against hidden liabilities before closing.

• Lenders and banks – as part of loan approval.

• Attorneys – to protect clients from compliance and liability risks.

• Developers – before construction or redevelopment.

• Sellers – to provide assurance to buyers and smooth transactions.

Even properties that look clean can carry hidden risks. A Phase I is the most cost-effective way to confirm environmental status before a deal.

Does a Phase I ESA include soil or groundwater testing?

No. A Phase I ESA is strictly a records and site inspection review—it does not include sampling or laboratory testing. If evidence of contamination (called a Recognized Environmental Condition or REC) is found, a Phase II ESA is typically recommended.

What does a Phase I ESA include?

A Phase I ESA includes:

• Historical records review (aerials, Sanborn maps, city directories)

• Regulatory database searches (NJDEP and federal)

• Review of past environmental reports

• Site inspection for potential contamination sources

• Interviews with owners, occupants, or local officials

Oak Environmental provides clear, lender-ready reports that meet ASTM and NJDEP expectations.

How long does a Phase I ESA take?

Most Phase I ESA reports can be completed in 10–15 business days. Oak Environmental prioritizes fast turnaround to keep real estate deals on track without sacrificing compliance or report defensibility.

How long is a Phase I ESA valid?

A Phase I ESA is valid for 180 days from the date of the report. After that, lenders and attorneys may require an update to maintain regulatory protection.

What happens if the Phase I ESA identifies a Recognized Environmental Condition (REC)?

If a REC is found, Oak Environmental will:

1. Clearly explain the issue in plain language.

2. Recommend next steps—usually a Phase II ESA with soil, groundwater, or vapor sampling.

3. Provide cost and timing expectations so clients can make informed decisions.

Why choose Oak Environmental for my Phase I ESA?

Oak Environmental is trusted across New Jersey because we:

• Deliver bank- and attorney-accepted reports.

• Explain findings clearly, without jargon.

• Work quickly to protect deals and financing timelines.

• Employ Environmental Professionals with decades of NJDEP compliance experience.

Our mission: Clarity. Protection. Fast Results.

Valid for 180 Days – Protect Your Investment

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At Oak Environmental, we check properties for problems and help clean them up. We make sure everything follows the rules. You’ll get clear answers, fast help, and no surprises.